Echoing what I know, what are known, what can be known and what I should know about LANGUAGES as "Language is Culture"...
Thursday, August 8, 2024
Saturday, June 15, 2024
Thursday, March 28, 2024
The Vegetable farm is dry but the weeds surrounds it with white beauty
The wild weeds bloomed forming a unison of white edges while the vegetable beds are yearning to get watered by the elusive rain.
Summer Fall Combination
At the same season on a common ground,
the Alnos tree has its leaves falling as a sign of summer when the rain water is scarce
while the flowers bloom as a sign of the summer haze.
Wednesday, March 27, 2024
Philippine Barangay Assembly Theme 2024
Tagalog:
"Barangay at Mamamayan, Sama-samang Nagtutulongan sa Pagtataguyod ng Maayos, Maunlad at Mapayapang Pamayanan Tungo sa Isang Bagong Pilipinas.
Makialam! Makilahok! Makiisa."
English:
County and Citizens, Unite and help each other in sustaining an orderly, progressive and peaceful dwelling in order to achieve a new Philippines.
Participate! Be involved! Cooperate!
Kankanaey:
Ili ya Umili, Mantitinulong ay mangilapo si Naulnos, Siged ya Natalna ay Pante-an ta ma-ukat di baro ay Pilipinas.
Makibinnadang! Makitapi! Makitunos!
Tuesday, March 19, 2024
Surprise Encounter for today
I can only guess that a few may be reading this blog.
Coming out a classroom where I lectured on Theory of Programming, a enthusiastic being approached me to ask "Sir, what is your opinion about linguistic diversity? Is it good or bad?".
I got lost for a moment. In my mind is a question on the context of such a question.
So I just answered,
"I am not sure if it is good or bad. I just know that linguistic diversity is a reality in our world. There is linguistic diversity an aspect of cultural diversity. Having said that, as members of the computing community (I am assuming that the person who was talking to me is a Computer Science or an It student)
Saturday, March 16, 2024
Morphology Primer for the Kankanaey Language SPoken in Benguet Philippines
(Resharing an artivle that I write some years ago)
Morphology Primer for the Kankanaey Language of Benguet
Dalos D. Miguel
Saint Louis University
Baguio City
ddmiguel@slu.edu.ph
Abstract
In order to spearhead a natural language processing (NLP) study that involves the Kankanaey language of the people in the Philippine province of Benguet, this paper establishes the morphology of words in the Kankanaey language. Affixation and reduplication are the morphological phenomena that are evident in Kankanaey. Infix, prefix, suffix and replacive affix strings are used in generating derivations and inflections in Kankanaey. It is expected that the data inferable from the study will be used in developing more encompassing NLP ventures.
Keywords. Natural Language Processing, Kankanaey, Morphology, Affixes, Reduplication,
Introduction
Kankanaey is one of the indigenous natural languages spoken in the province of Benguet in the Philippines. Like the other natural languages (NL) of the globe, Kankanaey should be considered when furthering the field of natural language processing (NLP) or computational linguistics (CL). NLP or CL refers to the discipline of utilizing information technology(IT) to deal with languages. It suffices to say that the development of programs (software) as well as hardware components of a computer system for analyzing or synthesizing spoken or written languages (Jackson et al., 2002) is the ultimate goal of NLP.
Inherent with NLP or CL are Lexical Analysis (LA) and Morphological Analysis (MA). The determination of the features of individual words included in a text is the concern of LA (Sproat, 2000). LA is usually performed as an initial step of a broader task, that is, to generate the semantics of a group of words or a document. LA is a broad process and MA is one element of LA that may be considered independently. The basic constituent of MA is morphology. Morphology is the study of word structure (Spencer, 1998). MA involves determining the morphemes composing a word. Simply put, the morphemes are the root word and the affixes applied to the root word. The classification or the part of speech (POS) under which a word belongs; noun, verb, adjective or otherwise, is another function of MA.
There are two suggested MA schools for Philippine languages: Stem-based Morphological Analysis (SMA) and Root-based Morphological Analysis (RMA). Dr. Ricardo Ma. Nolasco (2007) of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), a Philippine government agency that handles concerns pertaining to the Philippine languages, referred to the two approaches as maka-tangkay (SMA) and maka-ugat (RMA). Dr. Nolasco compared the mechanics of SMA and RMA using Filipino words. The commissioner recommended that SMA be explored because SMA seems to offer more possibilities than the RMA.
To posit the essentials for studying the applicability of SMA for the Kankanaey language, this study reports the rudiments of the morphology of the Kankanaey language. Samples of Kankanaey words are gathered from actual speakers as well as from secondary sources and a set of morphological phenomena on the gathered words is inferred.
Although Kankanaey is also spoken in some parts of Mountain Province, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Nueva Vizcaya, this initial study is focused on the Kankanaey speakers of Benguet. However, it is an understatement to say that the study is delimited on Benguet Kankanaey. It is observed that speaking Kankanaey is not unique for the province. There are variants in the enunciations and word semantics among the people from the municipalities of Atok, Bakun, Buguias, Itogon, Kapangan, and Sablan. In linguistics theory, regional variants of a language constitute dialects (Simons et al, 2008). Hence, dialects of the Kankanaey language exist in the relatively small province Benguet.
Despite the recognition of Kankanaey dialects, this primer for NLP for Kankanaey makes no distinction on the dialects. It is expected that the differences among the dialects are minimal and that they will not hurt a single MA and NLP framework for the language.
In addition, because no formal orthography ( manner of writing ) for the Kankanaey language has been defined, the orthography for Filipino is adopted. Therefore, the 28 letters defined for Filipino language (www.tagaloglang) are potential letters of Kankanaey words. The decision is acceptable because samples of Kankanaey text in the form of song lyrics and a translation of the Holy Bible from which some data for this study are taken are based on the Tagalog orthography. Besides, Kankanaey is one of the Filipino languages.
Derivations and Inflections in Kankanaey
Gregory T. Stump (1998) presented a description of Inflection as compared to Derivation while Robert Beard (1998) detailed the rudiments of Derivation vis-à-vis Inflection. While the highly analytical exposition of Stump and Beard cannot be replicated in this report, the following broad distinction of Inflection and Derivation is adequate.
Inflection is what happens when a word that has the same classification (part of speech) as a root word is generated. The generation of an English present tense verb for a singular subject by suffixing an s to the verb for a plural subject, such as fears from fear, is an example of an inflection. The generation of the past tense verb talked from the present tense verb talk is also a case of inflection. The words fear and fears are both in the class of verbs and so are talk and talked. On the other hand, Derivation is what happens when a word that has a different meaning or classification as an originating word is derived. Forming the adjective malicious from the noun malice is an example of a derivation.
Like other languages, the Kankanaey vocabulary is enriched by Derivations and Inflections. Cases believed to be realizations of Incorporation (Gerdst, 1998) and Clitics (Halpern, 1998) may be present in the Kankanaey language. Incorporation is the concatenation of a word such as a verb with another word such as a noun, pronoun, or adverb in order to realize a combined syntactic function. The Kankanaey word “kinanko” is the result of concatenating “kinan” (ate) and “ko” (I) and it results to a single word counterpart to the english statement ‘I ate it’. Similarly, the Kankanaey word “edwani” can mean ‘in the present time’ and it is formed out of “ed”(in) and “nuwani”(present). The disappearance of the “nu” syllable of “nuwani” when fused with “ed” seems to be a realization of clitic case. Compounding, as ilucidated in (Fabb, 1998), involves a sequence of two or more words but the sequence corresponds to a single meaning. The English word ‘Green House’ is an example of a compound. Some Kankanaey words correspond to an English compound. From the root word “talak” which translates to ‘car’, the Kankanaey word “taltalak” translates to ‘toy car’. In this report, no further elaboration on Incorporation, Clitics and Compounding will be done. Instead, Inflection and Derivation are given utmost attention.
In Kankanaey, nouns and verbs are repositories of several semantics. In fact, one noun can be a root word for a number of words. For example, the word “gabyon” which is the Kankanaey term that refers to ‘any hand operated hoe’ that is normally used in the farm is a repository of about 50 words. Table 1 renders some words that are generated from “gabyon” that may be inflections or
Table 1. Sample Inflections and Derivations from "gabyon"
Kankanaey word Category English Translation
Gabyon Noun Hoe, hand operated soil digging implement for a vegetable farm
gabyonan Verb to use a hoe to dig a portion of an object(typically land area)
gabyonen Verb will use a hoe to dig an object
ginabgabyon Adjective referring to an object for which a hoe had been used
ginabyon Adjective Referring to an object for which a hoe was used
ginmabyon Verb did the act of using a hoe (the person talking is the object of the action)
ginmanabyon Verb had been digging at the same time ( referring to the act many)
gumabgabyon Verb doing the act of using a hoe ( the person talking is the object of the action)
gumabyon Verb will do the act of using a hoe (the person talking is the object of the action)
gumanabyon Verb doing the act of using a hoe at the same time (referring to the act of many)
igabyon Verb will use the hoe
ingabgabyon Verb had been using the hoe
Ingabyon Adjective referring to the hoe used
kagabyon Verb sudden act of digging using the hoe
magabyon Adjective referring to an area for which the hoe will be used
maigabyon Adjective referring to a hoe that will be used
makigabgabyon Verb using a hoe alongside other actors
makigabyon Verb will use a hoe alongside other actors
makigagabyon Verb will attempt to use a hoe alongside other actors
mangabgabyon Verb using the hoe
mangabyon Verb to use a hoe/ will use a hoe
nakigabyon Verb used a hoe alongside other actors
nakigagabyon Verb attempted to use a hoe alongside others
nangabgabyon Verb had been using a hoe
nangabyon Verb used a hoe
ingabgabyonan Adjective referring to a reason for a continuous act of using the hoe in the past
ingabyonan Adjective referring to a person for whom the act of using the hoe was done
ingabyonan Adjective referring to the income/proceeds of the act of using the hoe
ingabyonan Adjective referring to the reason why the act of using a hoe was done
pangabyon Adjective referring to an instrument for digging ( the hoe)
Gabyonan Adjective referring to a place where a hoe is used
pangabyonan Adjective Referring to place where a hoe will be used
kagabgabyon Adjective referring to a place on which the act of using the hoe was recently done
kagabyogabyon Adjective referring to a fast act doing work with a hoe
kaigabyogabyon Adjective Referring to a speedy using of a hoe
magabyon Adjective referring to a person who is capable of using a hoe efficiently
magabyon Adjective referring to an area/object that is feasible for using a hoe
makagabgabyon Adjective referring to the eagerness to use a hoe
makagabyon Adjective referring to being a habitual user of the hoe
makigabyonan Adjective referring to the place or other people with which using a hoe will be done
Nagabyon Adjective referring to an object or area for which a hoe was used
naigabyon Adjective referring to a hoe that was used
nakigabgabyon Adjective referring to a person who had been a companion in using a hoe
nakigabyon Adjective referring to a person who was a companion in using a hoe
nakigabyonan Adjective referring to a place/person where/whom a hoe was used alongside others
derivations and Table 2 shows additional word formations from the same. It must be noted that “gabyon” qualifies for a noun and each of the generated words belongs to a category that is not necessarily noun. Furthermore, every generated word has an associated meaning. Every generated word can function as an independent word.
The suffixation of ko, mo, da, na, mi,yo, ka, ak, kayo, kami among others to a base word, which may be the root word, an inflected word or a derived word as illustrated in Table 2 is another orthographic assumption that can be made a standard practice. While the practice of writing “mo”,
Table 2. Other words (Compound,Incorporations) generated from the root word "gabyon"
Kankanaey word Category English Translation
Gabgabyon Noun Small hoe / miniature hoe / toy hoe
Mangabyonda verb + pronoun They will use a hoe
Mangabyonka verb + pronoun you will use a hoe
Mangabyonkami verb + pronoun we will use a hoe
Mangabyonkayo verb + pronoun you(plural) will use a hoe
Nangabyonak verb + pronoun I used a hoe
Nangabyonda verb + pronoun They used a hoe
Nangabyonka verb + pronoun You used a hoe
Nangabyonkami verb + pronoun We used a hoe
pangabyonda Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for them to use
pangabyonko Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for me to use
pangabyonmi Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for us to use
pangabyonmo Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for your to use
pangabyonna Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for him/her to use
pangabyonyo Noun+verb+pronoun hoe for you(pl) to use
Gabyonda Noun + pronoun their hoe
Gabyonko Noun + pronoun my hoe
Gabyonmi Noun + pronoun our hoe
Gabyonmo Noun + pronoun your hoe
Gabyonna Noun + pronoun his hoe/ her hoe
Gabyonyo Noun + pronoun your (pl) hoe
“kayo”, and “kami” as separate word, “ak” is always maintained as a suffix. It looks unnatural to treat “ak” as a separate word when it is only meaningful for its being a suffix an so are “mo”, “kami” , “kayo” and the others.
If it were not for the purpose of identifying whether the word formation is inflectional or derivational, it is reasonable to consider “gabyon” as simply a root word. Afterall, the ‘noun-ness’ of “gabyon” does not contribute to the classification of a word constructed from it. In a way, the category (POS) of the generated word depends on the affixes used and not on the classification of the root word. However, tracking the POS of the root word may find relevance for a higher level NLP function such as machine translation. Besides, the POS of a root word implies the feasibility of subjecting such word to inflection or derivation. It is then a good idea to integrate the POS of the root words with the morphology backbone.
Table 3 lists some words that may be formed out of the root word “ali”. The root word “ali” can translate to ‘bring’ or ‘come’. Once again, the table demonstrates the irrelevance of any classification to the root word. Whether “ali” is a verb or not, it does not matter when classifying any generated word out of “ali”. In general, verbs and adjectives may be generated from any root word by applying affixes to a root word as well as to already generated words. Such process is what Dr. Ricardo Nolasco (2007) advocated which he illustrated using the Tagalog language. Dr. Nolasco prescribed affixes for generating Tagalog verbs (verbal affixes) which are the infix –um-, the replacive affix ~m-, the suffix –in, the suffix –an and the prefix i-. Using the affixes –um- and ~m- results to intransitive verbs while using the –in, -an and i- results to transitive verbs. Dr. Nolasco also cited that are not intended for generating meaningful words- “panlaping pantangkay” (stemming affixes). Stemming affixes are used to produce constructs for further affixation. These affixes include pag-, pang-, paki-, paka-, and ka-. After a stem is constructed by applying any of pag-, pang-, paki-, paka-, and ka- to a root word, a verb may be generated by applying any of verbal affixes. To reiterate one of his examples, pag- is applied to the root “aral” to derive “pag-aral”. As is, “pag-aral” is meaningless but using the replacive affix ~m- results to the intransitive verb “mag-aral” which connotes ‘learning’. On the other hand, using the suffix –an to “pag-aral” results to the transitive verb “pag-aralan” which connotes ‘learning something-an object’.
For Kankanaey, verbal affixes are also observed and among them are –um-, i-. However, the likes of stemming affixes seem not present. As illustrated in the examples summarized in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, all constructs generated by any affixation are meaningful words. It is not the case that some affixes have the sole purpose of preparing constructs for further affixation. While some constructs are formed for further affixation, every construct convey a sense. Furthermore, despite the conviction that some, if not all, verbs formed out of affixation are corresponding to adjectives, Kankanaey words constructed through affixation may not be verbs or adjectives. Most cases listed in Table 2 support this claim.
Table 3. Word formations out of the root word “ali” which is taken to mean ‘come’
Kanakaney Word Category (POS) English Translation
Ali root word to come
inmal-ali verb-past perfect had come
Inmali verb-simple past came
Inmaliali verb-past continuous had always been coming
kaal-ali Adjective referring to an object who/that came recently
Kaali Adjective referring to an object who came immediately
umal-ali verb-present continuous Coming
Umali verb-simple present come
Umali verb-simple future will come
Umaliak verb + pronoun I come / I will come
Umaliali Adjective referring to an object who is always coming
Umalida verb + pronoun They will come
Umalika verb + pronoun you will come
Umalikami verb + pronoun we will come
Umalikayo verb + pronoun you(pl) will come
Umanali Adjective referring to many objects who are coming simultaneously
Umalian Adjective referring to the time of coming
Makiali verb-simple future will come as a companion
Makialian Adjective referring to an object whom coming will be done with
Nakiali verb-simple past came as a companion
Nakialian Adjective referring to an object whom coming was done with
maki-al-ali verb-present continuous coming along with other objects
makialiali Adjective referring to an object who is always coming along with others
makial-alian Adjective referring to an object that creates an opportunity to come along
Kaanali Adjective referring to objects who suddenly came
It is imperative to defy the approach of classifying affixes into verbal and stemming in the case of Kankanaey. It is sufficient to define a reference list of specific affixation cases and other morphological phenomena. The reference list shall serve as a look-up table when doing morphological analysis. The reference list is developed with the ideal goal that any word; inflection, derivation or otherwise, must be rendered its classification (POS) and/or translation. Table 4 shows the list of observed morphological phenomena for Kankanaey words. Table 5 shows the affixes used in the actual words gathered.
Table 4. List of morphological phenomena for Kankanaey
Infixation – application of infixes to root stems
Prefixation – application of prefixes to root stems
Suffixation – application of suffixes to root words
Partial Reduplication – Repetition of some letters or syllables of a root stem
Full Reduplication – Repetition of root stems
Replacive Affixation – Replacing, insertiion, or deletion of a letter in the root stem
Table 5. List of Affixes
Infixes -in-, -n-, -um-
Prefixes i-, ka-, m-, ma-, maika-, maka-, maki-, man-, manag-, manaka-, mang-, mas-, na-, naka-, naki-, naika-, nan-, ni-, pa-, paki-, pan-,taga-, um-
Suffixes -ak, -an, -da, -en, -k, -ka, -kayo, -ko, -m, -mi, -mo, -yo, -sisya, -na
(Addendum 1)
Verb Derivation from Noun ( may be seen as incorporation verb + noun)
Process effect Example Remarks
Prefixation of man Form verb (actually an infinitive or a future tense) which means “using the object meant by the noun”
a. mangabyonwill use hoe
b. mangabyon to use hoe
From the root word (noun) gabyon which means hoe, a personal property
Prefixation of man Form verb (actually an infinitive or a future tense) which means “ having the object meant by the noun”
a. manbeeyto have a house
b. manbeeywill have a house From the root word (noun) beey which means house, a real property
Infixation of um Form verb (actually an infinitive or a future tense) which means “using the object meant by the noun”
a. gumabyon will use hoe
b. gumabyon to farm From the root word (noun) gabyon which means hoe, a personal property
Suffixation of en Form verb (actually an infinitive or a future tense)
a. gabyonen to use hoe
b. gabyonen will use hoe
(addendum 2)
Verb Inflection by prefixation
Prefix effect Example Remarks
man Form future tense verb Mangabyonwill farm
From gabyonto farm
nan Form past tense verb Nangabyon did farm From gabyonto farm
i Form future tense verb ialiwill bring From infinitive verb alito bring, action has a thing as an object
in Form past tense verb in-alibrought From infinitive verb alito bring, action has a thing as an object
um Form future tense verb Umila will see From infinitive verb ilato see, action has a person as an object
Maybe used to future tense verbs that do not begin with um ( i.e. umiali) to incorporate the person speaking as the object of the future action of the root verb (iali).
Umiali will bring for me/us
inm Form past tense verb Inmila saw = did see From infinitive verb ilato see, action has a person as an object
Maybe used to future tense verbs that do not begin with um ( i.e. inmiali) to incorporate the person speaking as the object of the past action of the root verb (iali).
inmiali brought for me/us
(addendum 3)
Reduplication generates present tense.
Mangabyon will farm as mangabgabyon farming
Umali will come as umalali coming
Umila will see me as umil-ila seeing me
Iali will bring as ial-ali bringing
Table 6. Snapshot of the Kankanaey lexicon.
root word Category (POS) English Translation
ad-ado Adjective Many
Akki Noun Monkey
Alagey Verb to stand
Asis Particle it is dirty.
Ayasak Noun Whisper
bang-et Verb to cook
Baro Adjective New
dad-an Verb to walk
Dakami Pronoun we
Dakayo Pronoun You
Dakdake Adjective Big
en conjunction And
Etek Verb to lie
Gabyon Noun Hoe
Gipan Noun Knife
Ipogaw/Ipugaw Noun Person
Kanayon Adverb Always
Kitkitoy Adjective Small
ono conjunction Or
The reference list of specific morphological phenomena functions with selected elements of a collection of words. For the purpose of this study, the collection is called the lexicon. Ideally, the lexicon includes all possible root words, their classifications and their translations. A table with the attributes local word, classification (part of speech), and English translation is adequate. It is the case that all nouns, verbs and some adverbs can serve the purpose of being a root word (a.k.a. root stem) for Inflections and Derivations. Then, the category (POS) attributed to every entry in the lexicon can become basis for doing stem-based morphology. Entries in the lexicon which are assigned with POS other than noun, verb or adverb should be considered final words and that they cannot undergo affixation. Such practice will allow a heuristics for handling words with complex structures. Derived words with complex structures can be collected and be made static entries in the lexicon with categories that will not allow affixation. Dr. Ricardo Nolasco (2007) classified words that cannot undergo affixation as particles. Such classification should be adopted.
The collection of all possible root stems including all derived words with complex structure can only happen over time. The limited time allotted for conducting this study is just a small fraction of the ideal time requirement. It is advocated that an incremental lexicon be put in order. As such, an initial list of words that may be included in the conceptualized Kankanaey lexicon has been produced and is presented in another manuscript (Miguel, 2009a). Table 6 shows a snapshot of the lexicon that needs to be incremented as time go by. Surely, the initial lexicon is enough for making experiments leading to the realization of a Kankanaey-based NLP.
Conclusions
Infixation, prefixation, suffixation, reduplication and replacive affixation are the morphological phenomena for the Kankanaey language. The infixes, prefixes and suffixes can be defined as sets. Regular rules that support the morphological phenomena can be formulated.
Future Directions
To validate the plausibility of the defined affix sets and the formulated morphological rules for the Kankanaey language, computer-based systems using the same definitions and formulations will be developed. Furthermore, the same definitions and formulations will be performed for the Ibaloi, the Kalanguya and the other indigenous languages of the Cordilleras and its neighboring regions.
References
Nolasco, R. (2007). Si Maka-tangkay at si Maka-ugat: Dalawang Tagasuri ng Morpholohiyang Pilipino.
In 4th National Natural Language Processing Research Symposium Proceedings. DLSU. Manila.
Spencer A. and Zwicky A. (1998). The Handbook of Morphology. Blackwell Publishers.
Stump, G.T. (1998). Inflection. In The Handbook of Morphology. Edited by Andrew Spencer and
Arnold M. Zwicky. Blackwell Publishers. UK.
Beard R. (1998). Derivation. In The Handbook of Morphology. Edited by Andrew Spencer and
Arnold M. Zwicky. Blackwell Publishers. UK.
Fabb N. (1998). Compounding. In The Handbook of Morphology. Edited by Andrew Spencer and
Arnold M. Zwicky. Blackwell Publishers. UK.
Gerdts, D.B. (1998). Incorporation. In The Handbook of Morphology. Edited by Andrew Spencer and
Arnold M. Zwicky. Blackwell Publishers. UK.
Halpern, A.L. (1998). Clitics. In The Handbook of Morphology. Edited by Andrew Spencer and
Arnold M. Zwicky. Blackwell Publishers. UK.
Miguel, D. (2009a). Natural Language Processing (NLP) Resources for Three Indigenous
Languages in Benguet. Research Report for URG.CICS01. Saint Louis University.
Modern Filipino Alphabet.
http://www.tagaloglang.com/The-Philippines/Language/modern-filipino-alphabet.html.
Date Accessed: June 8, 2009.
Simons G.F. and S. Bird. (2008). Toward a Global Infrastructure for the Sustainability of Language Resources.
Proceedings of the 22nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation.
DLSU. Manila, Phils.
Sproat, R. (2000). Lexical Analysis. In Handbook of Natural Language Processing editied by Robert
Dale, Hermann Moisl and Harold Somers. Marcel Dekker. New York, USA.
Saturday, March 2, 2024
3 March 2024 at Atok, Benguet, Philippines
IRONY of today's scenery😊
Clouds are attributed to the sky and the sky is suggestive of heaven.
Sometimes, however, smoke looks the same as clouds. Smoke is suggestive of fire and fire is attributed to hell.
Then, where are we? ):
Heaven on Earth
Heaven is at Atok, Benguet, Philippines today 😊
Clouds are attributed to the sky and the sky is suggestive of heaven.
Friday, February 16, 2024
Produce from Flower Farms at Macbas, Atok, Benguet, Philippines.
Because my workmates know that I am from an area where beautiful cutflowers are produced, they would request some flowers time and again
I am losing a lot of my personal money in order to give them the favor. It is okay for now. Later, I should not do the same. Instead, I will make a living out of the flower delivery arrangement.
Sunday, January 7, 2024
NEW YEAR, NEW DILEMMA:
OMG! The need leave at dawn to be able reach place of work at 7:30 everyday is about to resume.
"Asi uway nas di" :)
Desperate Plan
What if Goodbye school na lang? Nag-rigat met nga katungtong dagitoy nga paper works ken reading materials. Adda ngay koma mangted ti umanay nga pag-biyag tapno intay kitdi agna-ed ijay banbantay ken turod.
Friday, January 5, 2024
2004 chronicles begin
I am aware that the only place I can visit at anytime is my virtual world.
Thank you for the company, virtual world.
Lately, I have been waking up to dreams that makes me uselessly process a thought:
- After being given a ride that made me survive tumbling stunts while on wheels,
I was given a driver's license card.
- An aunt requested me to do mixtures of colored cements as a requisite to implement a layout of the walls of her families' organized restroom and doing it made me reflect on a differential equation of the form xdx/dz + ydy/dz + zdz/dz =0
And ask I look out the window, I wandered why things need be complicated:
- Why is there a need for table skirting?
- Why tear rocks with natural formation into pieces in order to have materials to arrange so that an artificial structure is formed?
- Why artificial intelligence?
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